Which methodology focuses on creating questionnaires to produce reliable data, including question wording and sampling strategy?

• A. Survey Design
• B. Social Desirability Bias
• C. Qualitative Research
• D. Quantitative Research

Answer: (A)

Designing surveys to produce reliable data involves carefully crafting questions, deciding response formats, arranging item order, and pilot testing, all with a clear sampling strategy to ensure the target population is represented. This combination—the instrument design plus the sampling plan—defines Survey Design. Social Desirability Bias is a tendency that can distort responses, not a method for creating data collection tools. Qualitative Research focuses on non-numeric data and methods like interviews or observations, rather than structured questionnaires aimed at numerical reliability. Quantitative Research uses numerical data and analysis; surveys can be one tool within it, but the specific emphasis on creating the questionnaire and the sampling plan aligns with Survey Design.